Reference Papers - Digestion Systems
Closed-Vessel Digestion
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Diet, Fecal “Wet Microwave Digestion of Diet and Fecal Samples for ICP Analysis,” by Gwen Schelkoph, David Milno, Analytical Chemistry, 1988, 60, 2060-2062.
Mercury in Marine “Comparison of Microwave Digestion with Conventional Wet Digestion for Analyses of Mercury in Marine Samples by Manual Cold Vapor AAS and FIAS,” by Hilde Fauske, Jan Brenna and Kaare Julshamn (Institute of Nutrition, Directorate of Fisheries, P O Box 1900 Nordnes, N-5024 Bergen Norway) Presented at the 13th Nordic Atomic Spectroscopy and Trace Element Conference, Gelio, Norway, 1992.
Plants for Sulfur Analysis “Microwave Digestion of Plant Samples for Sulfur Analysis,” by Calvin R. Finch, H. Dale Pennington, Texas Agricultural Extension Soil and Plant Analysis Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station Texas 77843; Calvin G. Lyons, Horticulture Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas; Sara E. Littau, CEM Corporation, Matthews, NC - Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 1990, 21(7&8), 583-594.
Mercury in Fish “Determination of Total Mercury in Raw and Cooked Fish Tissue by Microwave Digestion/Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy,” by Jeffrey M. Morgan, Maurice R. Berry, Jr. & Robert L. Graves (U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory, Quality Assurance Research Division, Development and Evaluation Branch, Cincinnati, Ohio) - Poster Paper.
Shell Fish “Comparison of Microwave Digestion with Conventional Wet Ashing and Dry Ashing Digestion for Analysis of Lead, Cadmium, Chromium, Copper, and Zinc in Shellfish by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy” by Helen T. McCarthy and P. Christopher Ellis (Rhode Island Department of Health Laboratories, Providence, RI) Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 1991, 74, (3) 566-569.
MarineTissue & Sediment in 7 ml Vessel “Low-volume Microwave Digestion of Marine Biological Tissues for the Measurement of Trace Elements,” by S. Baldwin, M. Deaker and W. Maher, Analyst, 1994, 119, 1701-1704.
Tissue & Excrement “Excretion and Tissue Distribution of Selenium Following Treatment of Male F344 Rats with Benzylselenocyanate or Sodium Selenite,” by Ock Soon Sohn, Len Blackwell, Janice Mathis, Wagdy W. Asaad, Bandaru S. Reddy, and Karam El-Bayoumy, Drug Metabolism & Dispositions, 1991, 19 (5) 865-870.
TCLP Extract “Comparison of Procedures for TCLP Extract Digestion; Conventional vs. Microwave,” V. L. Verma, PhD and T. M. McKee (Browning-Ferris Industries Houston Laboratory, Houston, TX), Presented at the 7th Annual Waste Testing and Quality Assurance Symposium (EnvirACS) in Washington, DC, July 10, 1991.
Fly Ash “Determination of Arsenic, Cadmium, Lead, Antimony, Selenium and Thallium in Coal Fly Ash Using the Stabilised Temperature Platform Furnace and Zeeman-effect Background Correction,” by M. Bettinelli, U. Baroni and N. Pastorelli (ENEL-DCO Central Laboratory, Italy) J. Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 1988, 3, 1005-1011.
Industrial Feedstreams “A Microwave Digestion Technique for Trace Element Analysis of Industrial Furnace Feedstreams,” by Bruce A. Pedersen (Systech Environmental Corporation, 245 North Valley Road, Xenia, OH 45385).
Ultratrace Mercury in Sediment “Determination of Ultra-level Total Mercury in Sediment and Tissue by Microwave Digestion and Atomic Fluorescent Detection,” by J. Scifres, M. Wasko, W. McDaniel, (US Enviromental Protection Agency, Athens, GA) and V. Cheema, (University of Georgia), American Environmental Laboratory, 1995.
USEPA Method 3015 USEPA Method 3015, “Microwave Assisted Acid Digestion of Aqueous Samples and Extracts,” Revision 0, September 1994.
USEPA Method 29 USEPA Method 29, “Determination of Metals Emissions From Stationary Sources,” By the Emission Measurement Center, Technical Support Division, OAQPS, EPA April 25, 1996.
USEPA Method 3051 USEPA Method 3051, “Microwave Assisted Acid Digestion of Sediments, Sudges, Soils and Oil,” Revision 0, September 1994.
USEPA Method 3052 USEPA Method 3052, “Microwave Assisted Acid Digest of Siliceous and Organically Based Matrices,” Revision 0, Federal Register, December 1996.
ASTM - Metals in Water ASTM Method D4309-91, “Standard Practice for Sample Digestion Using Closed Vessel Microwave Heating Technique for the Determination of Total Recoverable Metals in Water,” Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards, American Society for Testing and Materials, 1991.
USEPA Method 3050B USEPA Method 3050B, “Acid Digestion of Sediments, Sludges, and Soils,” Revision 2, Federal Register, December 1996.
Mercury in Marine “Comparison of Microwave Digestion with Conventional Wet Digestion for Analyses of Mercury in Marine Samples by Manual Cold Vapor AAS and FIAS,” by Hilde Fauske, Jan Brenna and Kaare Julshamn, (Institute of Nutrition, Directorate of Fisheries, P O Box 1900 Nordnes, N-5024 Bergen Norway) Presented at the 13th Nordic Atomic Spectroscopy and Trace Element Conference, Gelio, Norway, 1992.
Final Rule USEPA Methods 3052, 3050B USEPA Federal Register Part IV Environmental Protection Agency Federal Register, Part IV 40 CRF Parts 260, 264, 265, and 266. Hazardous Waste Management System; Testing and Monitoring Activities; Rule. June 13, 1997.
Silver in H2O “Silver Recovery of Environmental Water Samples Using Temperature Controlled Microwave Sample Preparation,” by Elaine T. Hasty and W. Gary Engelhart (CEM Corporation, Matthews NC, 28106) Oral presentation at the 34th Rocky Mountain Conference, August, 1992.
USEPA Method 3051A USEPA Method 3051a, “Microwave Assisted Acid Dissolution of Sediments, Sludges, Soils, Oils,” Environmental ACS Meeting Presentation, Washington, DC, July 1997.
Ultratrace Mercury “An Atomic Fluorescence-Based Method for Ultratrace Mercury Detection in Environmental Samples,” by R. Paul Swift and Jesse E. Campbell (ICF Kaiser Engineers, Inc., Port Orchard WA) Spectroscopy 1993, 8(2).
USEPA Method 3015A USEPA Method 3015a, Microwave Assisted Acid Leach of Aqueous Samples and Extracts. Environmental ACS Meeting Presentation, Washington, DC, July 1997.
NPDES Federal Register, Part III, Environmental Protection Agency, 40 CFR Part 136, “Guidelines Establishing Test Procedures for the Analysis of Pollutants: Microwave Digestion,” September 11, 1992, FINAL RULE.
Mercury in Coal “Interlaboratory and Intralaboratory Variability in the Analysis of Mercury in Coal,” by John Lengyel, Jr, Matthew S. DeVito, and Richard A. Bilonick. (The paper is a review of various sample preparation techniques including, closed vessel microwave digestion, for coal samples and subsequent analysis for mercury.) Journal of the Air and Waste Management Assoc., 1996, 46, 317-326.
Final Rule 3051, 3015 Federal Register, Rules and Regulations, Environmental Protection Agency, Hazardous Waste Management System: Testing and Monitoring Activities, January 13, 1995, 60, (9) FINAL RULE.
ASTM Metals in Sediment ASTM Designation D5258-92, “Standard Practice for Acid Extraction of Elements from Sediments Using Closed Vessel Microwave Heating,” American Society for Testing and Materials, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, 1992.
Mercury in Fish “Determination of Total Mercury in Raw and Cooked Fish Tissue by Microwave Digestion/Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy,” by Jeffrey M. Morgan, Maurice R. Berry, Jr. & Robert L. Graves (U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory, Quality Assurance Research Division, Development and Evaluation Branch, Cincinnati, Ohio) Poster Paper.
In Situ Generation of Hydrofluoric Acid during Microwave Digestion of Atmospheric Particulate Matter Prior to Trace Element Analysis Using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry
ASTM -Industrial Furnacestreams ASTM Desig. DS513-94, “Standard Practice for Microwave Digestion of Industrial Furnace Feedstreams for Trace Element Analysis,” Annual Book of ASTM Standards, 1994.
Shell Fish “Comparison of Microwave Digestion with Conventional Wet Ashing and Dry Ashing Digestion for Analysis of Lead, Cadmium, Chromium, Copper, and Zinc in Shellfish by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy,” by Helen T. McCarthy and P. Christopher Ellis (Rhode Island Department of Health Laboratories, Providence, RI) Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 1991, 74 (3) 566-569.
Foodstuff “Food Analysis for NLEA Requirements,” by Douglas Sears, Jr. & Zoe Grosser, PhD. NLEA Spotlight, Food Testing & Analysis, June/July 1997.
Frozen Dinners “Microwave Digestion of Multi-Component Foods for Sodium Analysis by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry,” by Robert E. Sapp and Sandra D. Davidson (ConAgra Frozen Foods Analytical Laboratory, Batesville, AR) Journal of Food Science, 1991, 56 (5).
Mushrooms “Uptake of Arsenic by Mushrooms from Soil,” by Metka Slekovec and Kurt Irgolic. Taken form the Chemical Speciation and Bioavailability, 1996, 8 (3/4), 67-72.
Nuts “Determination of Geographic Origin of Agricultural Products by Multivareate Analysis of Trace Element Composition,” by Robert S. Schwartz and Le T. Hecking (US Customs Service, Research Division, Washington, DC) Presented in part at the 1990 Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry, St. Petersburg, FL, January 8-13 1990. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 1991, 6, 637-642.
Arsenic in Food “Development of digestion methods for the determination of total arsenic in a variety of foods,” by Barbara S. Barnes, Brenda S. Zimmer, John R. Urban and Douglas T. Heitkemper (Forensic Chemistry Center, US Food and Drug Administration).
Canned Seafood “Concentration of Total A1, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Na, Pb, and Zn in Commercial Canned Seafood Determined by Atomic Spectrometric Means after Mineralization by Microwave Heating,” by Jorge E. Tahan, Jose M. Sanchez, Victor A. Granadillo, Hernan S. Cubillan, and Romer A. Romero (Laboratorio de Instrumentacion Analitica, Facultad Experimental de Ciencias, La Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Zulia, Venezuela) J. Agric. Food Chem. 1995, 43, 910-915.
Maple Syrup “Closed-vessel microwave acid digestion of commercial maple syrup for the determination of lead and seven other trace elements by inductively coupled plasma spectrometry,” by Sandeep A. Bhandari, Dulasiri Amarasiriwadena - School of natural science, Hampshire College, Amherst, MA, USA - Microchemical Journal, 2000, 64, 73 - 84.
Corn Syrup “Methods for the Determination of Arsenic, Cadmium, Copper, Lead, and Tin in Scrose, Corn Syrups, and High-Fructose Corn Syrups by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry,” by Lori Allen, Paul Siitonen, and Harold Thompson, Jr. Taken from the J. Agric. Food Chem., 1997, 45, 162-165.
Calibration of MW “Microwave Power Calibration Considerations in the Standardization of Sample Preparation Methods,” by W. Gary Engelhart, CEM Corporation American Environmental Lab - December 1992.
Microwave Safety “New Microwave Digestion Technology Is Aiming For Safety,” by Franklin Hoke, The Scientist, July 6, 1992.
Don’t Use Home MW Testimonial, Research Triangle Institute Internal Memo, by Alvia Gaskill August 1987.
Clean Considerations “How Clean Is Clean? Improvements in Trace-Level Metals Analysis,” by Dr. Lois Jassie and Doug Ferguson, (CEM Corporation), Tom Gluodenis, Jr, (Perkin Elmer Corporation).
Inorganics “Development of Inorganic Microwave Dissolutions,” by Bradley D. Zehr (GTE Products Corp), American Lab, December 1992.
Geological “Microwave Digestion and Alkali Fusion Procedures for the Determina tion of the Platinum-group Elements and Gold in Geological Materials by ICP-MS,” by Marina M. Totland, Ian Jarvis (School of Geological Sciences, Kingston University, Surrey, UK) and Kym E. Jarvis (NERC ICP-MS Facility, Centre for Analytical Research in the Environment, Imperial College, Berks, UK), Chemical Geology 1995, 124, 21-36.
Geologicals “An Assessment of Dissolution Techniques for Analysis of Geological Samples by Plasma Spectrometry,” by Marina Totland, Ian Jarvis and Kym E. Jarvis - Chemical Geology, 1992, 95, 35-62.
Alumina “New Technology for Difficult Digestions,” by David Barclay and Greg LeBlanc, CEM Corporation, Matthews, NC. - American Laboratory, October 2000, p.12.
SOP Lead in Paint “Standard Operating Procedures for Lead in Paint by Hotplate or Microwave-based Acid Digestions and Atomic Absorption or Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectrometry,” by D. A. Binstock, D. L. Harrison, P. M. Grohset W. F. Gutknecht, (Center for Environmental Measurements and Quality Assurance Research Triangle Institute).
DV-50 Paint and Soil “Open Vessel Microwave Assisted Sample Preparation for Lead Analysis in Paint Chips, Wipes and Soil,” J. Doug Ferguson, Michael D. Miller and Robert Revesz, (CEM Corporation, Matthews, NC) Presented at the 1996 Pittsburgh Conference, Chicago, IL, March 4-8, 1996.
Filters “Microwave Decomposition of Dusts, Ashes, and Sediments for the Determination of Elements by ICP-AES,” by Anna M. Paudyn and Roy G. Smith, Canadian Journal of Applied Spectroscopy, 1992, 37 (4).
Hair “Preparation of Hair For Measurement of Elements by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS),” by Richard Puchyr, Dean Bass, Rob Gajewski, Mishelle Calvin, William Marquardt, Karen Urek, Mary Ellen Druyan, and David Quig. Biological Trace Element Research, 1998, 62, 167-182.
SOP Glass Filters “Standard Operating Procedures for Microwave Extraction of Glass Fiber Filters,” by Louis J. Pranger (Methods Research & Development Division - Atmospheric Research and Exposure Assessment Laboratory, Office of Research and Development - U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC).
ASTM Lead in Paint ASTM Designation: E 1645 - 94: “Standard Practice for the Preparation of Dried Paint Samples for Subsequent Lead Analysis by Atomic Spectrometry,” Annual Book of ASTM Standards, 1995.
SOP High Volume Filters “SOW Method 3.0 - DRAFT Analytical Methods for the Determination of Metal Compounds Collected on Hi-Vol Filters and Analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) Atomic Emission Spectrometry, Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) or Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption (GFAA) Spectrometry,” DRAFT USEPA Contract Laboratory Program - Metal Analysis of Ambient Air (MAA) December, 1991 - Revision MAA01.0.
Whatman Filters “Microwave-assisted digestion of atmospheric aerosol samples followed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry determination of trace elements,” by Kamai Swami, C.D. Judd, John Orsini, Karl X. Yang, Liaquat Husain-Fresenius, Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 2001, 369, 63 - 70.
Inks “Inorganic Analysis-Heavy Metals in Printing Inks,” by Jack DiPiazza, Environmental Testing & Analysis July/August, 1997, 20-22.
Organics “Microwave Method for Preparing Erythrocutes for Measurement of Zinc Concentration and Zinc Stable Isotope Enrichment,” by John Huffer, Jamie Westcott, Leland Miller, and Nancy Frebs (Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80262).
Uranium/Thorium “Microwave Digestion and Subsequent Separation of Some Uranium and Thorium Series Elements from Soils and Sediments,” by Donna M. Beals, (United States Testing Company, Inc. Richland Division) Presented at the 35th Annual Conference on Bioassay, Analytical and Environmental Radiochemistry at Charleston, SC, 1989.
RadChem “Development of a Mobile Laboratory for analyses at Uranium Cleanup Sites Resulting in Significant Time and Cost Savings,” by Joe Bianconi, (RUST Federal Services, Inc.).
